DESP-OB is a strategic network composed of eleven research units from Spanish universities and the Spanish National Research Council (CSIC). It brings together university institutes, research groups, specialized chairs, and centers from across Spain. It is an interdisciplinary network, including entities dominated by economists alongside others focused on geography or communication sciences, as well as those encompassing professionals from various social science fields. The aim is to build a strategic and sustainable network. From the outset, the network unites a track record of social scientists who have published dozens of articles and produced numerous reports on depopulation and population decline in Spain.